太阳电池背反镜的吸收损耗性质研究

基于频域有限差分法和入射光场在平板型和织构型非晶硅电池内的传输过程,详细分析了Ag背反镜的吸收性质.研究表明:导模振荡吸收和表面等离子体共振吸收是两种电池结构Ag背反镜的主要吸收机制;在长波段,平板型电池结构的导模振荡吸收和表面等离子体共振吸收均较弱,其Ag背反镜的吸收很小(小于3;),而织构型电池结构可产生较强的导模振荡吸收和表面等离子体共振吸收,其Ag背反镜的吸收较大(某些特殊波长的吸收达50;);织构型电池结构可有效拓展入射光单程通过有源层被完全吸收的波长范围.     

2D FE–DEM analysis of tractive performance of an elastic wheel for planetary rovers

We have been developing a simulation program for use with soil–wheel interaction problems by coupling Finite Element Method (FEM) and Discrete Element Method (DEM) for which a wheel is modeled by FEM and soil is expressed by DEM. Previous two-dimensional FE–DEM was updated to analyze the tractive performance of a flexible elastic wheel by introducing a new algorithm learned from the PID-controller model. In an elastic wheel model, four structural parts were defined using FEM: the wheel rim, intermediate part, surface layer, and wheel lugs. The wheel rigidity was controlled by varying the Young’s Modulus of the intermediate part. The tractive performance of two elastic wheels with lugs for planetary rovers of the European Space Agency was analyzed. Numerical results were compared with experimentally obtained results collected at DLR Bremen, Germany. The FE–DEM result was confirmed to depict similar behaviors of tractive performance such as gross tractive effort, net traction, running resistance, and wheel sinkage, as in the results of experiments. Moreover, the tractive performance of elastic wheels on Mars was predicted using FE–DEM. Results clarified that no significant difference of net traction exists between the two wheels.     

基于无机元素分析对地理标志五常大米鉴别技术的研究

五常大米是我国著名地理标志产品之一,品质高、产量低,导致制假售假的现象严重。为维护五常大米的品牌形象和消费者利益,急需一种有效鉴别五常大米的方法。应用电感耦合等离子体光谱及电感耦合等离子体质谱测定大米中无机元素含量,结合主成分分析(PCA)、Fisher判别、人工神经网络(ANN)对五常大米鉴别模型进行研究。结果表明：PCA法对样品的分类效果较差,采用Fisher判别和ANN则可准确识别五常地区的大米样品和其他地区的大米样品。Fisher判别法对校正集和验证集样品平均准确识别率分别为93.5%,而ANN法对同样的校正集和验证集样品的平均准确识别率为96.4%,优于Fisher判别法。可准确对五常大米进行鉴别,为该产品的地理标志保护提供了一种技术手段。     

聚变堆第一壁连续W/Cu 梯度材料的热工性能优化

针对不同体积分布指数p的W/Cu连续功能梯度材料的偏滤器第一壁结构,采用有限元软件计算了 8MW•m⁻²稳态运行热加载以及等离子体破裂条件下1GW•m⁻²热流冲击下的力学响应。相同稳态加载条件下,W/Cu 连续功能梯度材料的最优分布指数与分层梯度材料存在较大差异,其最优等效应力比分层梯度材料要小26%,表现出更优异的性能。在热冲击响应过程中,连续梯度W/Cu材料塑性损伤随p值不同也存在较大变化,其最优p值与其稳态运行时热应力最优p值存在一定差异,从第一壁应用条件考虑,应综合选取,最佳p值在1.2附近。综合来看,连续梯度W/Cu材料具有更连续变化的热物理属性及力学性能,在聚变堆第一壁结构设计中具有更大的应用潜力。     

磁场和量子点尺寸对方形杂质量子点中电子性质的影响

利用二维有限差分方法,计算了含有H_2~+杂质的方形量子点的基态能和杂质束缚能。讨论了磁场和杂质位置对不同尺寸的量子点中电子基态能量和束缚能的影响,得出了方形量子点系统的量子尺寸效应。     

Effect of size and indium-composition on linear and nonlinear optical absorption of InGaN/GaN lens-shaped quantum dot

Based on the Schr ¨odinger equation for envelope function in the effective mass approximation, linear and nonlinear optical absorption coefficients in a multi-subband lens quantum dot are investigated. The effects of quantum dot size on the interband and intraband transitions energy are also analyzed. The finite element method is used to calculate the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Strain and In-mole-fraction effects are also studied, and the results reveal that with the decrease of the In-mole fraction, the amplitudes of linear and nonlinear absorption coefficients increase. The present computed results show that the absorption coefficients of transitions between the first excited states are stronger than those of the ground states. In addition, it has been found that the quantum dot size affects the amplitudes and peak positions of linear and nonlinear absorption coefficients while the incident optical intensity strongly affects the nonlinear absorption coefficients.     

Analysis of the blackbody-radiation shift in an ytterbium optical lattice clock

We accurately evaluate the blackbody-radiation shift in a171 Yb optical lattice clock by utilizing temperature measurement and numerical simulation. In this work. three main radiation sources are considered for the blackbody-radiation shift, including the heated atomic oven, the warm vacuum chamber, and the room-temperature vacuum windows. The temperatures on the outer surface of the vacuum chamber are measured during the clock operation period by utilizing seven calibrated temperature sensors. Then we infer the temperature distribution inside the vacuum chamber by numerical simulation according to the measured temperatures. Furthermore, we simulate the temperature variation around the cold atoms while the environmental temperature is fluctuating. Finally, we obtain that the total blackbody-radiation shift is -1.289(7)Hz with an uncertainty of 1.25×10~(-17) for our ~(171)Yb optical lattice clock. The presented method is quite suitable for accurately evaluating the blackbody-radiation shift of the optical lattice clock in the case of lacking the sensors inside the vacuum chamber.     

Unified a Priori Error Estimate and a Posteriori Error Estimate of CIP-FEM for Elliptic Equations

This paper is devoted to a unified a priori and a posteriori error analysis of CIP-FEM (continuous interior penalty finite element method) for second-order elliptic problems. Compared with the classic a priori error analysis in literature, our technique can easily apply for any type regularity assumption on the exact solution, especially for the case of lower $H^{1+s}$ weak regularity under consideration, where 0 ≤$s$≤ 1/2. Because of the penalty term used in the CIP-FEM, Galerkin orthogonality is lost and Céa Lemma for conforming finite element methods can not be applied immediately when 0≤$s$≤1/2. To overcome this difficulty, our main idea is introducing an auxiliary $C^1$ finite element space in the analysis of the penalty term. The same tool is also utilized in the explicit a posteriori error analysis of CIP-FEM.     

Modeling and Computation of CO2 Allowance Derivatives Under Jump-Diffusion Processes

In this paper, we study carbon emission trading whose market is gaining popularity as a policy instrument for global climate change. The mathematical model is presented for pricing options on $CO_2$ emission allowance futures with jump diffusion processes, and a so-called fitted finite volume method is proposed to solve the pricing model for the spatial discretization, in which the Crank-Nicolson is employed for time stepping. In addition, the stability and the convergence of the fully discrete scheme are given, and some numerical results, which are compared with the closed form solution and the Monte Carlo simulation solution, are provided to demonstrate the rates of convergence and the robustness of the numerical method.     

基于GeoClaw海啸数值模拟程序对2011年日本东北大地震有限断层模型的验证

由于海啸波具有长周期、慢衰减的特征,对于能够激发海啸的海底地震,海啸波资料一定程度上可以作为利用地震波资料和大地测量资料反演得到的震源有限断层模型的补充数据,以验证该模型的合理性.本文以2011年日本东北大地震海啸期间反演的震源模型为例,利用Okada弹性半无限空间理论将震源有限断层模型转化为垂向海底变形;然后利用Ge...